The force is a semi-sinusoidal signal with a period T = 3.2 ms and a force amplitude A f ranging between 10 and 50 kN. The time step was set to 5 × 10 −4 s in all simulations. The number of time steps needed to achieve a total depth of 80 cm was 32,000 in the quasi-static tests and 62,500 in the dynamic tests.
